Brick are typically used in foundations above grade. Foundations have stone bases below grade usually four ft. then three ft of free standing brick foundations. Early foundations used lime mortar and hard or soft bricks. Water struck hard bricks were available in early construction but were expensive so builders would use soft clay backer bricks.
Exterior bricks will often need repair with years of New England weather. Lime mortar joints can become washed out and loose their bond. Ground water and grade changes are a common cause of brick damage. The foundation base and free standing bricks meet at ground level and result in water ponding and saturating the foundation transition areas causing shifting and leaking. Water freezing and thawing can cause brick spalling or crumbling bricks.